RTP, Variance, and House Edge
RTP, variance and house edge are important terms for new players to understand in order to gauge their chances of winning, and we’ll explore these in detail below.
RTP
The Return to Player percentage (RTP) of a slot game is the amount paid back to players over a certain — usually very high — number of games. As a simple example, a slot with an RTP of 95% can be expected to pay out, on average, £95 for every £100 that goes in.
You may be thinking this means that if a player were to play 100 spins of £1 each, they would win £95 in total. However, because the RTP is calculated across a high number of spins, millions or more, there is no guarantee the player will win at all, especially over shorter play sessions.
The bottom line? The slot is programmed to pay out the RTP percentage of money that players put into it over an infinite number of spins. As a general rule, a higher RTP is more favourable to the player, but it’s also important to consider the variance of the game to understand how an RTP will translate into a more tangible payout rate.
Variance
The simplest way to think about variance is that it’s an indication of the frequency of wins across a given number of spins. A game with lower variance will pay out more frequently but these payouts will be smaller. The reverse applies to a game with higher variance — the payout rate will be lower but the value of the payouts will be higher.
When you combine the variance of a game with its RTP, you get a clearer picture when it comes to your chances of winning. While a game may have a high RTP, if it also has a high variance, you’ll get returns less often and the majority of the RTP will be concentrated in a few big wins. If the variance is lower, your chances of winning will be higher but the rewards won’t be as large.
RTP and variance are no guarantee of winning any amount of money, but they can help you to pick a slot best-suited to your play style. For example, someone who will be hitting the reels for longer sessions might prefer a higher variance as they’ll have more opportunities for a big win spread across a large number of spins. On the other hand, some players may prefer a higher chance of a smaller win with each spin.
You should always remember that slots are volatile by nature, and there’s a risk you may not receive any payout, no matter the RTP or variance of the game.
House Edge
It’s likely you’ve heard the phrase “the house always wins”, but what does it really mean? Simply put, there’s an advantage built into casino games that allows the casino to make money, and this is called the house edge. Every casino game will have some amount of house edge and — similar to RTP — a player can use it to get a sense of how much the game pays back over time.
The house edge varies between games, but can also be affected by different conditions within a specific game. Take Hold’em poker — the house edge can change depending on a player’s strategy.
The simplest example of a game with a fixed house edge is roulette. In European roulette with a single ‘0’ pocket, the player has a 1/36 chance of winning a bet on any given number but a win will only pay out 35 to 1. Mathematically, this means the house has an edge of 2.7%.
Knowing the house edge across different games can help a player identify which ones are going to give the best returns on their bets, as games with a lower house edge will pay out more over time. With some casino games, the house edge can also be minimised through skill and strategy, but it’s usually impossible to eliminate it entirely.